CESAREAN SECTION

Cesarean Section 

By: Dr. Rutuja D.


What is a Cesarean Section? 

Cesarean Section, also commonly known as C-section, is a surgical procedure performed to deliver a baby. This process involves making an incision in the mother's abdomen and another incision in the uterus to surgically deliver the child. In the United States, almost one in three child births are done by C-sections. There are two types of incisions that can be made :

  1.  A Vertical Incision, which extends from the belly button to the pubic hairline. It is a common way as it causes less bleeding and faster healing.

  2.  A Horizontal Incision, which extends across the pubic hairline. The type of incision depends on the mother and fetus' health.


Why are Cesarean Sections Performed? 

There are various reasons as to why a mother may need a C-section. One common reason is stalled labor, which occurs when the cervix is not opening although the mother is experiencing severe contractions. Abnormal fetal heart rate can show that the fetus may be in distress and immediate action must be taken. First, changing the mothers position, increasing the fluids and giving oxygen to the mother will be done to see if any change occurs. Then a cesarean section will be performed if there is no sign of the fetal heart rate going back to normal. If the baby is too big, is in an abnormal position, or if the mother is carrying twins or other multiples, a C-section is mandatory. In addition, a C-section must take place if the mother has health concerns, such as diabetes, high blood pressure,  active herpes sores, and so on. Lastly, if the umbilical cord slips through the cervix ahead of the baby and if the mother had a previous C-section for a prior birth, the mother may need to do a C-section again.


Risks for having a Cesarean Section for the Baby and Mother 

Although having a C-section is becoming more and more common around the world, there are frequent debates regarding the risk factors of C-section. There are still many issues for both the mother and baby. Some risks for the mother include bleeding, blood clots in the deep vein and surgical injury to other organs such as bowel or bladder surgery. A mother is also at risk for infection, postpartum hemorrhage which is extensive bleeding during and after delivery, possible reactions to anesthesia and overall an increased risk for future pregnancies. Depending on the type of incision created for a C-section, the mother may or may not be able to have a vaginal delivery in future pregnancies. A baby born by a C-section is at greater risk to develop transient tachypnea — a breathing problem where the baby has a rapid breathing rate after birth for the first few days. Although this is rare, a baby can get accidental nicks on their skin which can occur during surgery. 


Works Cited


M. (2020, June 12). C-section. Retrieved February 08, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/about/pac-20393655

Stanford children's health. (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2021, from https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=cesarean-delivery-92-P07768

Having a c-section. (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2021, from https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/having-a-c-section.aspx



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