ANGIOGENESIS

            Angiogenesis 

  • Dr. Rutuja D.


The process of developing new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels is referred to as angiogenesis. Angiogenesis comprises migration, growth and differentiation of the endothelial cells, which lines the inner walls of the blood vessels. The process of angiogenesis is primarily governed by chemical signals ; precisely the 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)' which binds to the receptors present upon the surface of the endothelial cells, thereby triggering the growth of blood vessels. Tumor growth and metastasis depends upon angiogenesis, activated by chemical signals from tumor cells during significant cell proliferation. Vessels created by tumor cells are often permeable, permitting the cells to metastasize to other parts of the body and transitioning to malignant tumors and there's no denying the fact that the deadliest property of cancer is metastasis. 

Angiogenesis is mediated by multiple molecules released by tumor and host cells, involving endothelial, epithelial, mesothelial cells and leukocytes. Tumors can grow ~2mm without blood supply. They can rely upon diffusion for waste removal and nutrition. Tumor angiogenesis is extremely essential as tumors remain in dormancy for a long time in absence of blood vessel formation. Tumor needs nutrients and oxygen to proliferate and hence,sends signals stimulating blood vessel growth. Another theory emphasizes upon the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, regarded as anti-angiogenesis,drugs that block angiogenesis and thus 'starving' the tumor. These inhibitors interfere in blood vessel growth by recognising and binding to VEGF. When VEGF is attached to these inhibitors,it fails to bind with receptors present on the epithelial surface,hence hindering the phenomenon of blood vessel formation. Over 300 angiogenesis inhibitors are discovered till date with 30 naturally present in the body. Since, angiogenesis inhibitors are known to cause side effects such as hemorrhage,clot formation, hypertension, impaired wound healing etc. they are strongly recommended to be combined with additional therapies to combat cancer. Therefore, the process of angiogenesis is important for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.

Works Cited-

  1. https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=angiogenesis+process+in+cancer&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D_ohHsB9xFkUJ

  2. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/angiogenesis-inhibitors-fact-sheet

  3. Image credit - https://in.pinterest.com/pin/643944446691279243/







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